Abrasive treater



Oct. 11, 1938. G. c. BECK ABRASIVE THEATER Filed Sept. 7, 1937 Jaye.

- INVENTOR George 6. Zea/I ATTORNEY Patented Oct. 11, 1938 ABRASIVE THEATER George CLBeck. Spokane, Wash. Application September 7, 1937, Serial No. 162,603

5,, has been used with the customary emery and I burnishing stones, minute particles of emery re- Showing h d v ina y d r but exaggerating m th cylinder l and these particles the thicknesses of various parts and illustrating cause very objectionable wear on the piston rings. the de e e the S has been expanded- Now it is an important object of this invention Fig. 4 is a fragme ta Sectional w Of p t to abrasively treat the wall of the cylinder to of the ev Showing the reletiel'lship When the remove this objectionable condition and provide parts are contracted 10 a small diameteran entirely smooth and burnished surface for ring 8 a eW f One O the p t S ifl Side r elevation, V

i l w n known th t on the upper Fig. 6 is a View of thesame in edge elevation. travel portion of a cylinder will enlarge the same is a detail -S w W the b .5 t s ch an extent that t will be tapered t sive may be secured to one of the backing strips. respectfto the lower'portion of thecylinder, and e- 8 is e nv of novel m it is of greatadvantage, as is well understood, SW65 1 i e to be able to remove this taper and restore the 9 S a Sectional V ew On l e 9-9 t re cylinder to a truecylindrical form. Showing the m n an enlarged Scalew it i a feat re Of this invention to Fig. 10 is an enlarged sectionalview of one of this devicewith means whereby the sarne may; the IJiVOt Sleevesi be used a's a grinder toremove the taper in a is 11 is a sectional view on line I I o syli d r d' ft this has been done the device Like characters of reference designate similar can be equippedto smogth off the ground poi"... parts throughout the different figures of the 2 5 tion 'of the cylinder, and also remove emery or drawing metal particles resulting from the grinding treat- I the form S W L designates a driving ment J spindle having a coupling head 2,. With'studs 3, It is a feature f the invention to provide 3 adapted. to be Connected a universal plurality of backingstrips to which an abrasive any desired form o coupling with which the strip or strips may be connected, these backi selected motive power is equipped. Said spindle" strips being relatively loosely assembled and semi- I 15 Shown be exteriolly h eaded at 4, subfloatingly or pivotally connected with driving stantially throughout its length, and at its lower means so that the assemblagemay readily assume d Spindle is provided with a plurality Oil either a concentric or tapered relationship rela- Pivot h1g5 5, Preferably foul, in number, inthe 315, tive 'o' the centrally disposed driving means. form Show W111 be understwd that Spindle It s a further f tur to tension the backing I, not only imparts rotary motion to the device strips so that they will normally tend to con- 9 advanc?s the latter lengitudinelly tract toward the smallest diameter and toprothe cylmder, 15 us r qi of h 40 vide sufllcient strips of the required length so f connected Wlth dr Pm m" k thatat all diameters, the strips will form aback- SW6 i d I are a' p1um11ty 9 91 i ing for the abrasive consisting ofa multiplicity expafldmg or Spreadmg P bars Whmh fi of thicknesses whereby an ample circumferential $33 22i3231511???nietl ififi iunitifi (it? resili t ba kin will alwa s be rovided to sustaint lfeabfasiv e. action ag inst the cylinder wall. one P be qescnbed detaflalthouglt an The invention has many other features and. genelauy ideslgna-te'd at Each bar 15 of unb t {hi h 11b m f u d d V shaped cross section having a web I and flanges 9 S 1 9 Ore H Y escn e m con 8; the, edges 9 of the latter forming cam tracks. nection with the accornpanyln r g h The lower ends of bars 6 are connected with lugs 5 whlch W be more f l pomted, out 1n 5 by pivots ll! of any desired form, and from this and by the appended clmmspivotal connection, the bars 6 extend radially In the i i outwardly at an upward inclination in the man Fig. 1 is an end view of the device looking ner clearly h n i Fi 1, toward the lower end and showing the backing Reference will next be made'to an improved cam means for adjusting the bars 6,to cause 55.

11 Claims.

I This invention relates to improvements in devices for treating the walls of cylinders of ex plosion engines. g

It is well knownthat after a. cylinder grinder strips in an expanded and separatedposition which they would assume before being inserted into a cylinder.

' Fig. 2 is a vertical sectional view on line 2-2 of Fig.1.

' Fig. 3 is a sectional View on line 3--3 of Fig. 2,

expansion or permit contraction of the backing strips, to be later described.

This cam means, in the present showing, consists of a cam sleeve Ii, in threaded engagement with spindle I and having on its upper end an adjusting head 12 provided with spanner openings 13 into which spanner rods may be inserted to cause a relative longitudinal adjustment of the spindle member 5 and cam member l, as a result of turning one member relative to the other, as will now be clear.

II is flared at l4 to form a bell-shaped cam adapted for engagement with the cam tracks 9 of the cam bars (5 to expand or permit contraction of the latter, as will now be clear.

Reference will next be made to the norvel backing strips and to the manner in which they are assembled.

In the present construction, these backing strips are four in number but this is not an essential or arbitrary number since one or more can be successfully used but the present number affords and offers special advantages which will be fully appreciated in view of the present disclosure. As all of the backing strips are identical in form and function, only one need be described in detail.

These flexible strips are preferably formed of thin clock spring steel of. a length less than thc complete diameter of the circle of the cylinder. As shown, [5 designates a backing strip the thickness of which is shown in Fig. l, and the width of which is shown in Fig. 2. This strip is advantageously tensioned to normally contract toward the smallest diameter of cylinder in which the device can be used, and expansion of the strip is effected against its tension.

The free advance end of strip I5 is designated at l6 and the following or trailing end is pro.- vided with a hollow sleeve H, which, as shown in Fig. 10, may consist of a cylindrical sleeve l'l, having its flanges l8 secured as at l9, to the end of the backing strip 15. The sleeve thus formed is provided with an opening having an upper margin 18 and a lower margin l9 which are the margins of the opening longitudinally of the sleeve. Circumferentially, the opening is shown in Fig. 11 as having margins 20, the purpose being to afford a pivotal connection as will presently appear.

A pivot or propulsive and expanding rod 2|, which is also an equalizing rod, is disposed in said sleeve to fit relatively loosely therein as regards relative rotary movement of said sleeve with respect to said rod. As clearly shown in Figs. 2 and l, the rod 2| extends practically coextensive with the length of the sleeve I! and is provided with a pivot lug 22, which extends laterally from the body of said rod 2!, as shown in Fig. 5. A cam track 23 extends upwardly from said lug and at an incline, it merges into rod 2! and forms with said lug 22, a projection adapted to extend through the opening formed in sleeve ll, whereby the sleeve I! will be hingedly con nected with said rod 2| so that'the backing strip can, to a limited extent, which is all that is necessary, relatively rotate with respect to and about rod 2l-. As will be seen by reference to Figs. 5 and 6, the rod 2| is flat, in the construction shown, and while this is a convenient cross section, it is not an essential one. The desirable feature is that the sleeve I! should fit relatively loosely about the rod 2!, by which it is incidently supported. The supporting engagement is effected by endwise engagement between margin i8 and track 23, as regards the upper engage- The lower end of said sleeve ment, and margin !9' and lug 22, as regards the lower engagement.

It will be seen from Fig. 3, that the direction of rotation is clockwise and that the rods 2|, with the surrounding sleeves [1, form expansion elements which serve to expand the normally contracting backing strips l5 radially outwardly against the cylinder wall A. It will also be noted that all the strips [5 are disposed outwardly with respect to the expanding elements so that when the latter are expanded, they will act upon all the strips. The arrangement is such a that the strips I5 overlap each other at all diameters and hence always present a backing consisting of a multiplicity of thicknesses in forcing the abrasive strips, to be later described, against the cylinder wall A.

I now wish to draw attention to the fact that the bars 5 are pivoted at 24 to lugs 22 to complete the propulsive and supporting connection between the spindle I and the assemblage of backing strips I5, and that the axes of these pivots 24 are not only disposed substantially midway of the height of the backing strip assemblage but at right angles to the axis about which the assemblage is rotated. Thus it will now be clear how the strip assemblage can not only position itself automatically in the cylinder, but it will also be clear how the assemblage can assume either-a concentric reationship with respect to spindle i, or a tapered relationship thereto.

It will also be clear that the cam tracks 9, of the bars la, are so disposed by reason of the proportions and the manner in which they are pivoted to the lugs 22 that the tracks 23 will form a contiguous extension of the tracks 9, so that with a small diameter adjustment the cam 4 can ride up onto tracks '23, aswill be clear by reference to Fig. 4.

As all the advance free ends I 6 of the strips I5 will normally abut against the periphery of the next adjacent strip, as will be seen from Figs. 1 and 3, it will be clear that in some instances I may employ this gripping action effectively to connect the abrasive strips thereto without what might otherwise amount to securing the same in the sense of an actual fastening means, as will presently appear. Further, I desire to point out that the resilient strips l5 are strong enough to be self stable but are of amply suflicient strength to stand an appreciable degree of compression stress without becoming deformed from their'originalshape, and I have successfully used number fifteen thousands gauge clock spring steel in the performance of the function set forth.

Reference will next be made to the abrasive means and to the manner in which it is used.

In light duty service, such as smoothing the cylinder wall, I have successfully used sandpaper where I desire merely to remove emery and metal particles resulting from previous grinding or honing. However, in heavy duty service where I desire to remove the taper of the cylinder and actually take off some stock from the block, I employ a type of emery paper and in some instances, after using the emery paper I may sub sequently employ sand paper to remove emery particles.

In either event the width and the length of either type of abrasive will usually be the same, the width being slightly wider than the width of the backing strip assemblage and the length being suificient to cause the trailing end to slightly overlap the advance end, in case only one length of abrasive is used, as illustrated on Fig. 3.

As shown in Fig. 3 the advance end of the 75 abrasive strip 25; which is, indicated at 26, is loopedabo'ut the advance end l6 of one of the backing strips IS with the inner portion 2ldisposed between the outermost strip [5 and the next innermost strip Hi, the contracting tension and without requiring any actual fastening means. However, a fastening means is shown in Fig. '7, which may consist of a. U -shaped sheet of metal28 which may be clamped about the folded advance end of the abrasive strip, and which: may be used instead ofthe expedient shown. in Fig. 3. ever I use the term connected in reference to 'the'arelation ofthe advance end of the abrasive Stripandbacking strip, I mean merely any expedient that will serve to hold the advance end of the abrasive strip on the backing strip.

- The'remainder of the abrasive strip 25, which extends about the periphery of the backing strip assemblage, and wherein the extreme trailing end is-shown at 23, is entirely free and unconnected with the assemblage of backing strips and presents its abrasive face against the cylinder walliin an effective manner to smooth or reducethe same. However, in practice, I have successfully used an abrasive strip less in length thanithe circumference of the cylinder wall to be treated.

It is not necessary that a single abrasive strip be used as relatively short abrasive strips may be connected with the ends of several or all of the backing strips if desired, with the trailing end of one strip overlapping the advance end of another strip, although thisis not necessary to a successful operation. I have found that when I employ one. abrasive strip the remaining backing. strips 'actmost effectively when expanded in holding the abrasive strip into sustained and effective area to the wall of the cylinder.

readily be apparent that if the grooves extended [uniform engagement withthe cylinder wall.

.In Figs..8 and 9 I have shown a form of abraslve:.strip designated at 30, which is of emery and especially adapted for heavy duty service, the emery or likesurface' being indicated at 3|, and thefoundation at 32. It is a feature of .this abrasive that it is self-clearing with respect to emery or metal. particles and this is accomplishedby providing the surface 3| with a series of grooves 33. These grooves extend at a slight angle .to the length of the. strip so that at all times; the abrasive surface 3| will present an It will longitudinally of the strip, or at right angles to its length, the abrasive surface would be interrupted bythe grooves in the first instance, and in the second instance, the grooves would not be self-clearing. It. is therefore desirable to groove the cylinder, with a fairly light pressure.

Thenrotativethrust is applied to spindle I to to rotate the device in a clockwise direction whereby the free advance ends of the backing strips 15 will be'in aforward relation to the trailing sleeved ends 11, with respect to this direction of rotation. Of course, with a contraclockwise direction of rotation, the relationship Therefore, hereinafter, wherwould be the reverse. Hence, it is essential to this invention that the free ends of the backing strips be in advance of the trailing ends thereof. Now it will be clear that frictional drag generated on the abrasive strip will cause the backing strip to which it is attached, to bow radially outwardly in such an effective manner that abrasivepressure against the cylinder wall will be substantially uniform throughout the length of the strip, and this is true irrespective of whether the abrasive strip is of sufficient length to overlap as shown in Fig. 3. The importance of this pressure advantage will be realized when emphasis is laid to the fact that the expanding elements are circumferentially spaced and hence if it were not for this bowing of thebacking strip, and the multiplicity of thicknesses of backing strips, the pressure engagement would possibly not be as uniform between the expanding elements as abreast of the same. Now if the direction of rotation were in the opposite direction from that indicated in Fig. 3, with the hinged or sleeved end of the backing strips foremost,

then, the tendency would be for the backing strip connected with the abrasive strip to pull away from the cylinder wall, especially since the backing strip normally tends to contract toward der wall and this increases the efficiency of the device in achieving uniformity of pressure engagement of the abrasive element with the cylinder wall. This is true irrespective of whether one abrasive strip is used, as shown, or whether short abrasive strips are attached to the backing strips. f

It will also be clear that when the device is inserted into a cylinder, it will center'itself automatically by reason of the pivotal connection through which rotative thrust is imparted, and that thebacking strip assemblage -is free to assume a cylindrical position in the cylindrical portion of .the cylinder, or a tapered position in the lower tapered portion of the cylinder. Fur ther, after the tapered portion has been ground to cylindrical form, by the use of a heavy duty abrasive, .or as it is being so changed, the assemblage willgradually change back to a cylindrical form automatically.

It will be. seen that theassemblage of backing strips I5, which define a cylindrical abrasive backing, are loosely assembled because of the play afforded the rods 2|, in sleeves l1, and that the assemblage is semi-floatingly mounted by reason of the fact that the rods 2| are pivoted between their ends to adjusting bars 6 and are therefore equalizing bars which insure uniform pressure engagement of the abrasive with the cylinder wall irrespective .of whether the as,

semblage assumes a cylindrical or tapered form.

It is believed that the invention will be fully understood from the foregoing description, and while I have herein shown and described one specific form of the invention, I do not wish to be limited thereto except for such limitations as the claims may import.

I claim: I g

i. In a cylinder smoother and emery-removing device, a rotatively driven spindle, a pluralityof propulsive expanding cam bars pivoted thereto, a cam adjustable on said spindle for expanding or permitting contraction of said bars, a backing strip supporting and equalizing rod for each cam bar and said rods being pivoted to their respective bars between the ends of said rods whereby said rods may assume a concentric or tapered relation to said spindle, a substantially cylindrical resilient backing strip for each rod and each strip having an advance free end and a trailing propulsive end with respect to the direction of rotation of said device, and the propulsive trailing end of each strip being pivotally sleeved on its respective rod and said backing strips being disposed 'in' circumferential overlapping relation about said spindle and being tensioned to normally contract to the smallest diameter, whereby an abrasive strip may be connected with the free end of one of said backing strips and extend about the remaining backing strips in free trailing relation for uniform engagement with the cylinder wall.

2. In a rotary cylinder smoother and emery removing device, a plurality of expansible resilient backing strips of substantially cylindrical form and in circumferentially overlapping relation to afford a plurality of backing thicknesses at any diameter and said strips being tensioned to normally contract toward the smallest diameter and each strip having an advance free end and a propulsive trailing end with respect to the direction of rotation of the device, a propulsive rod loosely andpivotally sleeved in the trailing end of each strip whereby the overlapping strips will form a relatively loose assemblage capable of assuming a concentric or tapered form about the axis of rotation, whereby an abrasive strip has one end connected with one advance end of one of said backing strips and the remainder of the abrasive strip trailing freely about the strip assemblage for engagement with the wall of the cylinder, and mechanism inside said strip assemblage and pivotally connected with said rods for expanding and propelling said assemblage.

,3. In a rotary cylinder smoother and emery removing device, a plurality of expansible resilient backing strips of substantially cylindrical form and in circumferentially overlapping relation to afford a plurality of backing thicknesses at any diameter andsaid strips being tensioned to normally contract toward the smallest 'diameter and each strip having an advance free end and a propulsive trailing end with respect to the direction of rotation of said device, an abrasive strip having one end connected with one advance end of one of said backing strips and the remainder of said abrasive strip trailing freely about the strip assemblage for engagement with the wall of the cylinder, and mechanismoperatively connected with the propulsive ends of each backing strip for rotating and expanding the strip assemblage.

4. In a rotary cylinder smoother and emery removing device having circumferentially spaced expanding elements, a substantially cylindrical resilient backing strip having an advance free end and a following propulsive end relative to the direction of rotation of said device and the propulsive end being hinged to one of said expanding elements to dispose the radially inner face of said strip abreast of said elements, and an emery abrasive strip having one end thereof connected with the advance free end of said backing strip and the remainder of said abrasive strip trailing abreast of the radially outer face of said backing strip for pressure engagement against the wall of the cylinder when said elements are expanded,

whereby friction drag against the forward end of said abrasive strip will bow said backing strip radially outwardly and cause a uniform pressure engagement of said abrasive strip against the cylinder wall throughout the length of said abrasive strip.

5. In a rotary cylinder smoother and emery removing device having spaced expanding .elements, a resilient backing strip having free advance and following ends with respect to the direction of rotation of the device and the following end of said strip being propulsively connected with one of said elements and said strip having a length forming less than a complete circle, and an emery abrasive strip havingv one end thereof connected to said free advance end of said backing strip and the remainder of said abrasive strip trailing freely abreast of the radially outer face of said backingstrip for engagement with the cylinder wall when said elements are expanded, whereby friction drag against said abrasive strip due to propulsion of the rear end of said backing strip will bow the latter outwardly and cause a uniformpressure engagement of said abrasive strip with the cylinder wall throughout the length of said abrasive strip. LV

6. In a rotary cylinder smoother and emery removing device, an expansible mechanism adapted to be rotated in a cylinder, a backing strip having its rear end, with respect to rotation, propulsively connected with said-mechanism and its forward end free, and an abrasive strip having one end connected with the free end of said backing strip and the remainder trailing abreast of said backing strip for engagement with the cylinder wall when said mechanism is expanded, whereby friction drag against said abrasive strip due to propulsion from the rear end thereof will bow said backing strip outwardly and lengthwise tension said abrasive strip and cause uniform engagement of the latter against the. cylinder wall.

7. As a new and usefularticle of manufacture of the class described, a substantially cylindrical resilient backing strip having an advance free end and a following propulsive end with respect to its intended operative direction of rotation, said propulsive end having a propulsive connecting means, and an abrasive strip having one end connected with said advance end of said backing stripv and the remainder of said abrasive strip.

being otherwise free from connection with and trailing abreast of said backing strip toward the propulsive end of the latter;

8. As a new and useful article of'manufacture of the class described, a substantially cylindri cally shaped resilient backing strip having an advance free end and a following propulsive end with respect to its intended operative direction of rotation, said propulsive end having one member of a hinge connection, a rod forming theremaining member of a hinge connection with the propulsive end of said strip, and an emery abrasive strip having one end connected with said advance end of said backing strip and the remainder of said abrasive strip being otherwise free from connection with and trailing abreast of said backing strip toward the propulsive end of the latter. V i j 4 9. In a cylinder smoother and emery remover, a device having a plurality of expansible rods, a cylindrically shaped backing strip having an advance free end and a following propulsive end and the latter having a portion for coaction with one of said rods to form a hinge connection, and an abrasive strip having one end connected with said free advance end of said backing strip and the remainer of said abrasive strip trailing freely abreast of the outer face of said backing strip for engagement with a cylinder wall.

10. In a rotary cylinder smoother and emery removing device, a driving spindle, a cam bar pivoted to said spindle and having a cam track, an expansible backing strip-extending about said spindle and having a sleeve provided with an opening, a rod in said sleeve having a pivot lug extending through said opening and pivoted to said bar and said rod having a cam track forming a contiguous extension of the cam track of said bar irrespective of the degree of expansion of said strip, and an adjusting cam on said spindle for coaction with the cam track of said bar and the cam track of said pivot lug.

11. In a rotary cylinder smoother and emery removing device, a relatively loose assemblage of flexible abrasive backing strips of substantially cylindrical form and in circumferential overlapping relation to afford a plurality of backing thicknesses and define a substantially cylindrical abrasive backing at any diameter and each strip having an advance free end and a trailing propulsive end with respect to the direction of rotation of the assemblage, the free end of at least one strip being adapted for connection. with one end of an abrasive strip with the remainder of the latter trailing about said assemblage for engagement with the wall of the cylinder, and mechanism in semi-floating connection with said backing strips near the propulsive ends thereof for rotating and expanding said strip assemblage.

GEORGE C. BECK. 

